The importance of this book lies in the novel nature of the arguments and theses developed by Fanon who claimed that the process of colonization has a substantial emotional, psychological, and psychosocial impact on the indigenous population. The ideas set forth in the book were heavily influenced by the existentialist philosophy of Fanon's friend Jean-Paul Sartre and the ideas of Marx and Freud. Tosquelles believed that the integration of the patients into a community like structure led to the normalization and improvement of their mental illnesses.įanon also published his first book, Black Skins White Masks, in 1952. At the time, most psychiatric patients were isolated within the hospital and were treated as terminal cases with no hope for recovery. Tosquelles, his teacher and mentor, was a prominent physician who specialized in the field of social psychiatry and believed in the concept of communal psychiatry. In Lyon he enrolled in a medical residency program at the Hospital of Saint Alban under the supervision of Francois Tosquelles. When he arrived in France, he married Marie Josephe Dublé, a journalist from Lyon. Frustrated and angry with Martinique's social and political climate, Fanon returned to France during the summer of 1952. In his view physical illnesses in his small island were often caused by malnutrition, which in turn was triggered by poverty and by the French colonial oppression of the people of Martinique. His early work in Martinique reaffirmed his beliefs that most medical illnesses have a social basis. Frantz Omar Fanon returned briefly to Martinique, where he established a small medical practice in the town of Vauclin.
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